/etc/ssh/sshd_config:

...
Match user USER
  PasswordAuthentication no
  AllowTcpForwarding yes
  X11Forwarding no
  PermitTunnel no
  GatewayPorts no
  AllowAgentForwarding no
  ChrootDirectory /home/USER

But if the client needs a login shell this failed.

Well you could tell the client to not use a login shell:

ssh -N -L2222:IP:22 USER@SERVER

putty: SSH / Protocol Option enable "Don't start a shell or command at all"

or use an own loginshell where the user only can press return to disconnect:

sudo useradd USER -d /home/USER -s /bin/bash
sudo mkdir /home/USER
sudo chown USER:USER /home/USER
sudo su USER
cd
touch .hushlogin    (is used to not display motd's)
mkdir .ssh
chmod 0700 .ssh 
cd .ssh 
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 
mv id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
exit
sudo passwd -d USER
sudo chown root:root /home/USER          (for sshd chroot)
sudo cp own_loginshell /home/USER/

move /home/USER/.ssh/id_rsa out to your test account and test with "ssh -i id_rsa USER@IP"

I had some troubles with a chrooted environment:

/etc/passwd USER:x:ID:ID::/home/USER:/own_loginshell

.hushlogin is NOT working and motd with last login is shown!
pam.d/sshd is running all scripts in /etc/update-motd.d.

Solution move .hushlogin to /home/USER/home/USER

To hide motd and have no delays at login we could add an exception in pam.d/sshd for our user USER

session [default=2 success=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so quiet user != USER

before

session optional pam_motd.so motd=/run/motd.dynamic
session optional pam_motd.so noupdate

/etc/passwd USER:x:ID:ID::/:/own_loginshell

.hushlogin is working but before sshd is doing a chroot it checks the key against
authorized_keys based on our homedir (is / for chroot) wee need to

add "AuthorizedKeysFile /home/USER/.ssh/authorized_keys" to sshd_config

Compiling

For 64Bit there is something different to 32Bit and with my studies i compiled with

gcc -s -Os -nostdlib -ffreestanding own_loginshell.c -o own_loginshell

#> chroot /ROOTDIR ./own_loginshell
chroot: failed to run command ‘./own_loginshell’: No such file or directory

With

#> strace chroot /ROOTDIR ./own_loginshell

you only see

execve("./own_loginshell", ["./own_loginshell"], 0x7fff17d94fe8 /* 24 vars */) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

But with the help of "readelf -l own_loginshell" you see

[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]

You have to copy /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 to CHROOT/lib64/

Or compile with "-static"

own_loginshell.c:

/*
   simple program to print to stdout and read from stdin without libc for x86-64

   taken from https://hero.handmade.network/forums/code-discussion/t/861-compiling_without_libc_on_linux

   gcc -s -Os -nostdlib -ffreestanding -static own_loginshell.c -o own_loginshell
*/

#include <stddef.h>
#include <syscall.h>

static void exit(int code)
{
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        "syscall"
        :
        : "a"(__NR_exit)
        : "cc", "rcx", "r11", "memory");
    __builtin_unreachable(); // syscall above never returns
}

// returns negative value for error (for example, if error is EINVAL, then -EINVAL is returned)
static int write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t size)
{
    long result;
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        "syscall"
        : "=a"(result)
        : "0"(__NR_write), "D"(fd), "S"(buf), "d"(size)
        : "cc", "rcx", "r11", "memory");
    return result;
}

static int read(int fd, char *buf, size_t size)
{
    long result;
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        "syscall"
        : "=a"(result)
        : "0"(__NR_read), "D"(fd), "S"(buf), "d"(size)
        : "cc", "rcx", "r11", "memory");
    return result;
}
    
void _start()
{   
    char text[] = "press enter to close connection";

    // for this example let's ignore result of write
    // but you should really handle it
    // 1 is stdout file handle
    write(1, text, sizeof(text) - 1);
    read(0, text, 1);
    
    exit(0);
}

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---

Install oathtool.

sudo apt-get install oathtool libpam-oath

Generate a secret.

export HEX_SECRET=$(head -10 /dev/urandom | md5sum | cut -b 1-30)

Generate the TOTP details, 6 digits long.

oathtool --verbose --totp $HEX_SECRET

Enter the base32 secret in Android FreeOTP.

Create and populate the /etc/security/users.oath file.

sudo bash -c "echo HOTP/T30 $USER - $HEX_SECRET >> /etc/security/users.oath"
sudo chmod 0600 /etc/security/users.oath

Forget the secret!

unset HEX_SECRET

prefix /etc/pam.d/sshd with

auth sufficient pam_oath.so usersfile=/etc/security/users.oath window=10 digits=6

Allow this in sshd and restart.

sudo sed -Ei -e 's/(ChallengeResponseAuthentication) no/\1 yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo service ssh restart

Test with

ssh localhost

You should see:
One-time password (OATH) for `USER':

To avoid otp for some users prefix /etc/pam.d/sshd with

auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so user in user1:user2

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---

kio-mtp and mtp-detect stopped working

But jmtpfs seams to work - i decided to mount on usb plug in with an udev rule

#> apt-get install jmtpfs
#> mkdir -p /media/mtp

/etc/udev/rules.d/99-jmtpfs.rules

ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_MTP_DEVICE}=="1", RUN="/usr/bin/jmtpfs -o allow_other /media/mtp"
ACTION=="remove", ENV{ID_MTP_DEVICE}=="1", RUN="/bin/fusermount -u /media/mtp""

A little bit faster is simple-mtpfs, but you have to compile

apt-get install libusb-dev libmtp-dev

git clone https://github.com/phatina/simple-mtpfs.git
cd imple-mtpfs
./autogen.sh
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install

/etc/udev/rules.d/99-simple-mtpfs.rules

ACTION=="add",ENV{ID_MTP_DEVICE}=="1",RUN="/usr/bin/simple-mtpfs -o allow_other /media/mtp"
ACTION=="remove", ENV{ID_MTP_DEVICE}=="1", RUN="/bin/fusermount -u /media/mtp""

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---

After plug in of a wifi usb stick linux act's as a hostap.

apt-get install isc-dhcp-server hostapd

changes in /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

interface=wlan0
driver=nl80211
ssid=MYSSID
country_code=AT
ieee80211d=1
hw_mode=g
channel=11
beacon_int=1000
dtim_period=20
ieee80211n=1
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=MYPASSPHRASE
wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP

/etc/network/interfaces

iface wlan0 inet static
  address 192.168.9.1
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  hostapd /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf
  up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
  up /etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server restart
  down iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
  down killall hostapd

first check vendor and product id with lsusb:

/etc/udev/rules.d/local.rules

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="148f", ATTRS{idProduct}=="3070", \
                                                     RUN+="/sbin/ifup wlan0"
ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="net", KERNEL=="wlan0", RUN+="/sbin/ifdown wlan0"

On booting this does not work for me so i started the hostap by

/etc/rc.local

lsusb | grep -q "148f:3070" && /sbin/ifup wlan0

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---

To minimize bandwidth for video streaming i have to transcode mjpeg to h264.
To do this on demand ffserver is no option for me.
Therefore a small cgi script on the webserver with ffmpeg did the trick:

#!/bin/bash

echo -e "Content-type: video/avi\n"

#ffmpeg -an -analyzeduration 0 -f mjpeg -r 8 -i http://IP_CAM:PORT \
#       -c:v libx264 -preset ultrafast -r 8 -threads 2 -b:v 150k -f avi - 2>/dev/null &

avconv -an -analyzeduration 0 -f mjpeg -r 8 -i http://IP_CAM:PORT \
       -c:v libx264 -pre ultrafast -r 8 -threads 2 -b:v 150k -f avi - 2>/dev/null &
pid=$!
trap "kill $pid" SIGTERM SIGPIPE
wait

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---

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